[Acne] American Journal of Clinical Derm: Malassezia induces acne; all acne has a fungal component; all acne is fungal acne (FA)

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“Malassezia and Acne. Malassezia is thought to induce acne...P. Acnes and Malassezia spp. have been linked to acne development through their influence on sebum secretion, comedone formation, and inflammatory response.”Xu, H., & Li, H. (2019). Acne, the skin microbiome, and antibiotic treatment. American journal of clinical dermatology, 20(3), 335-344.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-018-00417-3“The follicular contents from inflammatory acne lesions of the face were collected using a comedo extractor. The skin surface samples were obtained by the swab method from 10 cm2 of facial skin. The microbiota was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. The microbiota in follicular contents was similar to that on the skin surface, namely, there were large populations of Propionibacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia spp. Moreover, the number of Malassezia spp. on the skin surface was correlated with that of inflammatory acne and that in follicular contents. This study clarified that there are large populations of Propionibacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia spp. in follicular contents.”Akaza, N., Akamatsu, H., Numata, S., Yamada, S., Yagami, A., Nakata, S., & Matsunaga, K. (2016). Microorganisms inhabiting follicular contents of facial acne are not only Propionibacterium but also Malassezia spp. The Journal of dermatology, 43(8), 906-911.
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