[Research] Topical application of squalene and UV exposure caused skin roughness and wrinkling in mice

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Production of toxins by squalene oxidationSqualene monohydroperoxide (SQOOH) is a primary oxidized lipid produced from squalene by solar UV. It is produced at the human skin surface due to natural exposure to sunlight during daily activities. Recent studies demonstrated that repeated application of SQOOH to the skin can induce skin roughness and wrinkles in the hairless mouse [. Uchino et al. [27] also reported that SQOOH induced skin damage in hairless mice. Furthermore, a few papers have also described the cytotoxicity of SQOOH, which is a primary oxidized form of epidermal lipids produced by solar UV rays. SQOOH is produced on human forehead skin, and it was suggested that skin squalene may be the principal target lipid for oxidative stress (e.g., sunlight exposure). Nakagawa et al. [28] demonstrated that SQOOH accumulation may be involved in inflammatory skin disorders such as skin cancer, cutaneous autoimmune disease, and skin aging.Chiba et al. [29] studied the effects of SQOOH, i.e., the initial product of UV-peroxidated squalene, on the skin of hairless mice. Repeated topical application of 10 mM SQOOH to hairless mice for 15 weeks induced definite skin wrinkling. Those results clearly suggested that wrinkling and changes in dermal collagen content induced by SQOOH qualitatively differ from those induced by UVB exposure (p < 0.001). This may provide a useful model for studying skin aging, particularly with regard to the collagen content.Paper Link
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